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The Absolute Cure for the Ingrowing Toe nail.

Fig 17:Shews the Method of amputating the Great-toe with the Mallet and Chissel, used by ROONHUYSE' from Heister's 'General System of Surgery' 1745

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The absence of anaesthesia meant that speed was of the
essence, and one Guy's surgeon, Alfred Poland, amputated a leg
at the thigh in twenty-seven seconds.

Between 1860 and 1870 only 15% of surgical admissions to St.
Thomas's had an operation. The other 85% were treated, by
surgeons, with medicines, external applications and
applicances (trusses, splints, etc.) The surgeon was
responsible for inflamed organs (particularly the urinary and
reproductive organs), wounds, skin disorders and venereal
diseases. The overall death rate of surgical patients was 7%
compared with 15% treated by the physicians on the medical
wards.